“名词+of+名词”的修辞性用法小议
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“名词+of+名词”是英语中一种常见的短语结构,前后两个名词可以表示多种多样的语义关系,比如表示所有关系,e.g. man of that time那个时代的人;表示“关于”,e.g. a long story of adventure一个很长的冒险故事;表示同位关系,e.g. the city of Rome罗马城;表示性质、内容 、状况等,e.g. a look of pity令人哀怜的神色。除此以外,该结构还可以作为一种修辞性手段,前一名词对后一名词起到修饰作用,表示后面名词的某种品质或特征。
一、“名词+of+名词”结构的构成形式
用于修辞手段的“名词+of+名词”结构,在结构上常有以下几种情况。
1. a (an)+名词1+of+ a+名词2
Richard lives in a palace of a house, but he is leading a hell of a life.
理查德虽然住在宫殿一般的宅邸,但却过着地狱般的生活。
He has a beast of a person.
他是一个狼心狗肺的人。
It’s a hell of a day.
那是难以忍受的一天。
2. a(an)+名词1+of+抽象名词,名词前面可有形容词等修饰性词语
I parted with him, a very monument of human misery.
我和他分别时,他就像是一座象征人类苦恼的碑石。
…he passes for a youthful miracle of prudence, good sense and benevolence.
他把自己打扮成年轻人当中罕见的谨慎明理,待人亲切的典范。
As I approached, a great surf of traffic engulfed me.
当我走近时,来往车辆像滚滚波涛将我淹没。
Down came the whole side of the mountain in a cataract of ruin.
整个山坡像毁灭的洪流一般,倒塌冲泄下来。
3. the+名词1+of+抽象名词,名词前面可有修饰性词语
You’ll like him, Miss Clandon: he’s the very incarnation of intellect.
克兰登小姐,你会喜欢他的,他是才智的化身。
Mr. Pickwick was the impersonation of kindness and humanity.
匹克威克先生是仁爱和善良的化身。
She looked the image of youthful innocence and girlish happiness.
她显得十分年青、纯洁,充满着少女的欢乐。
4. the+复数名词+of+抽象名词
Their straightforward emotions left no room for the little zigzags of embarrassment.
在他们感情的康庄大道上,不可能存在迂回曲折的窘迫情景。
He rode into the jaws of danger fearlessly.
他毫无畏惧地奔向危险。
He was in the clutches of a desperate infatuation.
他陷入一种无法解脱的迷恋之中。
5. 物主代词+名词1+of+a+名词2
Clark waved his hammer of a fist to Davie.
克拉克对戴维挥动他铁锤一般的拳头
I was still looking sideways at his block of a face.
我依然在斜眼瞧着他那像木板一样的面孔。
6. the+单数名词+of+该名词的复数
This is the song of songs.
这是最好的歌。
The problem of problems is that we are shy of money.
我们的首要问题是缺钱。
Frieda is the Parisian of Parisians.
弗里达是最典型的巴黎人。
7. 物主代词(冠词)+单数名词+of+该名词的复数
In our heart of hearts, we are filled with gratitude to him for his selfless help in our work.
我们衷心感谢他对我们的工作所给予的无私帮助。
We know that it is all too easy to accept a briefing from a client even thought we know in our heart of hearts it is unlikely to stimulate either great creative thinking or great advertising.
我们都知道要接受客户给的简报实在是太容易了,即使我们在内心深处非常明白这份简报并不太可能激发伟大的创意想法或是伟大的广告。
Bloom in my heart of hearts of the Bauhinia flower is very beautiful, and it seems like a microcosm of the entire Pengcheng.
盛开在我心灵深处的紫荆花是非常美丽的,它好似整个鹏城的缩影。
二、“名词+of+名词”结构的修辞功能
1. 强调功能
“名词+of+名词”的使用可以起到加强语气的作用,用来对后一个名词的性质、特征等加以强调。
(1)the + pattern( picture, type, image, monument, …) +of +抽象名词,表示“十分”、 “非常”。
He looked the picture of health and strength and prosperity.
他显得十分健壮结实、精力充沛、境况优裕。
He did it with the very perfection of servile caution and conscientiousness.
他干这件事时,确实毕恭毕敬,谨慎小心。
Emma looked the personification of human composure and female amiability.
爱玛显得非常镇静沉着,充满女性的温柔。
(2)the(one) + 单数名词 + of + 该名词的复数,表示“最”、“极端”。
The Pacific Ocean is the deep of deeps.
太平洋是最深的海洋。
Lei Feng was one fighter in ten thousand (fighters).
雷锋是万里挑一的好战士。
Jurgis’s huge shoulder, his youth and health marked him out as one workman in a thousand (workmen).
尤吉斯的宽肩,他的青春,他的健康,都标志着他是千里挑一的好工人。
The problem of problems is that we are shy of money.
我们的首要问题是缺钱。
the crime of crimes 强调了罪行的严重性, The problem of problems则突出了最棘手的问题。
(3)the + spirit (epitome, paragon, …) + of +名词,意为“典型的”、“化身”等,表示最典型的人或事物。
He was the spirit of regnant labor as he stood there, his hands out-reaching to rend and crush his audience.
当他站在那儿,伸出双手仿佛要去撕裂和捏碎他的听众的时候,那模样简直是至高无上的劳动的化身。
He was looking altogether an epitome of the world’s health and vigor.
他看上去真像世界上健康和活力的缩影一样。
She is considered a paragon of virtue.
她被公认为是品德高尚的典范。
2. 构成比喻,增强语言表达的形象性
“名词+of+名词”构成比喻,前面一个名词为喻体,后面一个名词为本体,中间用of连接。这种用法将隐喻的本体和喻体紧缩在一起,使得语言表达既生动又简洁。
He was floundering in the quagmire of bewilderment.
他在迷惘的泥潭中翻滚折腾。
“quagmire”的使用,使得抽象的bewilderment顿时具体可感,和floundering搭配使用,再现了他迷惘的心态。
His rash policy let loose the dogs of war.
他那草率出台的政策放出了战争之狗。
该句中将战争比喻成“狗”,结构简练,形象逼真。
His mouth was such a post-office of a mouth that he had a mechanical appearance of smiling.
他的嘴像邮局一样敞开着,仿佛老在机械地微笑一样。
用邮局比喻人的嘴,突出了人物形象。
He faced the fact that with the joy of home-coming was already mingled the juice of care.
他面对着这一事实:即他回到家乡的幸福,已经为烦恼的液汁所浸渍。
“液汁”比喻抽象的“烦恼”,和“mingled”搭配使用,形象地描绘了他心情的变化。
3. 构成夸张
“名词+of+名词”结构常用来夸大事实,表达强烈的感情。
I sat still as stone and a storm of emotion surged through me.
我像石头一样一动不动地坐着,感情的波涛在心中汹涌起伏。
a storm of emotion以夸张的形式描述了“我”内心强烈的感情涌动。
Starting at 6, children are buried under an avalanche of studies until they graduate from high school.
从6岁起,孩子们就被埋在雪崩式的功课当中,直至他们从高中毕业。
an avalanche of studies以夸张的比喻,形象地揭示了孩子们课业负担过重的现实。
When she heard the bad news, Mrs. David hid her face in her hands and burst into a flood of tears.
当听到这个坏消息时,大卫太太用手捂住脸,大哭起来。
a flood of tears借用夸张,描述了大卫太太此刻悲伤的心情。
It was a relief to Framton when the aunt bustled into the room with a whirl of apologies for being late in making her appearance.
当她的姑妈匆匆忙忙跑进来,因为来迟了而不停地满口道歉时,弗兰顿感到一阵宽慰。
a whirl of apologies的使用,形象准确,有助于刻画人物性格。
参考文献:
吴克炎,英语介词 of 的语义 、修辞功能,辽宁工程技术大学学报,2005年第一期.
张文庭,英语强语势,商务印书馆,1985.
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