题目：辨明病机方能防病治病

Identifying the Pathogenesis Can We Prevent and Treat Diseases

Only Identifying the Pathogenesis Can We Prevent and Treat Diseases

点评：修改稿中句首增加only, 对应中文中的“方”字，强调“只有……才”，学生的翻译还欠缺这种语气的表达。

[1]中医认为，人生病的过程，如同发矢，病因似机，疾病发展似箭发以后的势。

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the cause of falling ill is just like shooting an arrow, and the cause of disease is like the crossbow, the development of disease is similar to the trend after the arrow is fired.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the process of getting ill is just like shooting an arrow. The cause of disease is like the engine mechanism, and the development of disease is similar to the direction which the arrow is fired to.

点评：本段翻译时，问题集中出现在“病因似机，疾病发展似箭发以后的势”这一句，翻译时首先要了解“机”和“势”的含义。“机”就是古代射箭时的发射机关，而“势”则指箭发射出去之后的行走方向，正确理解了这两个古文汉字的含义后才能正确的用英文把中文表达精准。

[2]中医的病机学说是研究疾病发生的原因、发生、发展和转归的机制、一般规律及其临床联系的综合性理论。

The pathogenesis theory of traditional Chinese medicine is a comprehensive theory which is used to study the cause of disease, the mechanism of the occurrence, development and conversion, general rules as well as its relationship with clinical manifestation.

The pathogenesis doctrine of traditional Chinese medicine is a comprehensive theory which is used to study the cause, the onset, the development, the outcome mechanisms, the general law, as well as the clinical connection of diseases.

点评：翻译之前，一方面要充分了解专业知识，另一方面一定要理清段落中句与句之间的逻辑关系，每一个句子的行文结构，找准句子成分，切换成英文的思维方式才能把文章翻译好。本句中“中医的病机学说”是主语；“是”是谓语；“综合性理论”是宾语；而“研究疾病发生的原因、发生、发展和转归的机制、一般规律及其临床联系的”是定语，修饰限定“综合性理论”，这样分析完句子结构之后，才可以翻译出一个完整的英语思维模式的英文语句。

[3]辨证论治首先要从整体上或宏观上把握病变之属性，这是中医临证的基本要求。

when identifying the disease, we should distinguish the attribute of lesion as a whole in the first time, which is the basic requirement of tradition Chinese medicine.

The first step of syndrome differentiation and treatment is to grasp the nature of the lesion from a holistic and macro perspective, which is the basic requirements for the clinic of traditional Chinese medicine.  

点评：汉译英时，中文里的一些四字成语或四字词语不要贸然单纯用英语词汇进行简单堆砌，一定要清楚理解词语的含义，再行翻译。例如本段中“辨证论治”，中文含义就是辨识症状，然后根据症状进行治疗，分析完词语含义后再据此进行翻译。还有中医中一些术语和西医不同，比如中医里的“临证”即为西医里的“临床”，针对这些词语，在翻译之前一定要查实清楚，再行翻译。

[4]疾病的病位主要在五脏、六腑、经络、表里，也可在上中下三焦等。

The location of the disease is mainly in the five zang-organs, six fu-organs, meridians, inside and outside of the body, and can also be in the upper, middle and lower triple energizer. 

The location of disease is mainly in five viscera, six bowels, meridian and collateral, exterior and interior, triple energizer and so on.

点评：很多中医专业术语都已经有了标准化的翻译，所以在翻译中医药专业文章的时候那些已经有了标准化翻译方法的专业术语不能姑且认为自行翻译了。此段文章中的“五脏、六腑、经络、三焦”等都有比较成熟的标准译法，学生翻译的时候可以多查资料、文献参考翻译。

[5]病因是多种多样的，诸如气候的异常、疫厉的传染、精神刺激、饮食劳倦、持重努伤、跌仆金刃外伤，以及虫兽所伤等，均可导致疾病的发生。

The reasons are various, such as abnormal climate, transmission of pestilence, mental stimulation, irregular diet or overwork, overload, falling external, bitten injury by insects and animals and so on, all of which can make getting ill.

The etiologies are diverse, such as abnormal climate, severe plague infection, mental stimulation, improper diet and over tiredness, overloaded injury, falling or gold blade trauma, being bitten by animal or insects and so on. All of them can cause diseases.

点评：中医药文献里很多古汉语的表达，我们在翻译之前一定先确定古汉语的含义，如本段中几个词语“疫厉的传染、饮食劳倦、持重努伤、跌扑、金刃外伤”等。“疫厉”指的是瘟疫，“疫厉的传染”，可以译成severe plague infection;“饮食劳倦”白话就是饮食不节过度劳累，所以理解之后可以译成improper diet and over tiredness; “持重努伤“是指不正确的用力方式导致的身体伤害，故翻译成overloaded injury; “金刃外伤”是指由金属器刃损伤肢体所致的创伤，所以翻译成gold blade trauma，可见，如果想把中医药文献翻译得精准达意，最基本的还是要正确地理解中文含义。