很多人认为，在大力提倡听说读写的今天，句子成分知识微不足道了，可学可不学，只要听说读写搞多了，英语定能学好。于是便盲目地大搞听说读写。这是对听说读写的片面理解。如果连起码的句子成分都弄不清楚，有些东西无论怎么读也读不出什么名堂，而有时在答题时也无从下手，下面试看句子成分在解题中的应用。

一、句子成分在解单选题中的应用

1.在简单句中

1）Betty，      sure to come by five clock

2）Betty       sure to come by five clock  clock.

A.is    B.will    C.be    D.was

[析] 句1）应选C。该句为祈使句，Betty为呼语，不是主语。若将逗号去掉，就成了句2），这时Betty为陈述句主语，谓语动词可用 is，可用 was。

3）There     no bus，we had to return home on foot.

4）There     no bus.We had to return home on foot.

A.was     B.had     C.is     D.being

[析] 句3）前半部是逗号，此句为一个带独立主格结构的简单句，应填分词being；句4）是两个完整独立的句子并列在一起，前面小句以句号结尾，此处该选谓语动词was。

5）Every minute must be made full use of    our lessons，for the college entrance exam is coming.

A.going over   B.to go over    C.go over     D.our going over

[析] 此句不是在of后面跟名词作宾语，而应该接不定式作目的状语。其实该句是由主动句 We must make full use of every minute to go over...变来的被动句。所以该选 B。

6）We don't know     to do next.

A.what     B.how     C.when    D.where

[析] 稍有一点句子成分知识的学生一眼就可看出，此空应填一个宾语。在四个选项中，唯一能当宾语的只有A。可是不少考生由于受汉语思维的影响，即：我们不知道下一步（该）怎么办，而误选了 B（how 怎么）。

7）I don't think      possible to master a foreign language whithout much memory work.

 A.this     B.that     C.its     D.it

[析] 充当形式宾语、主语非 it 莫属。

8）down the radio—the baby's asleep in the next room.

A.Turning    B.Tum    C.Turned    D.To turn

[析]此句是祈使句，要用谓语动词原形Turn。

9）—I haven't heard from Henry for a long time.

—What do you suppose     to him？

A.was happening   B.to happen   C.has happened  D.had happened

[析] 第二句空档应填谓语，而不是非谓语，因do you suppose为插入语，而非主句。根据上下句的逻辑关系，可认定C为正确答案。

10）—What do you think made Mary so upset？

—      her new bicycle.

A.As she lost   B.Lost   C.Losing   D.Because of losing

[析] 很多考生看到此题简直不知从何下手。四个选项意义很近，单从意义来考虑很难区分。建议还是从句子成分人手方可突破。答句是回答What问句的，应用一个起名词作用的动名词losing来回答。完整回答应是：Losing her new bicycle made Mary upset.

2.在复合句中

1）After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town     he grew up as a child.

A.which   B.where   C.that   D.when

2）All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those   in the forest.

A.once they grew    B.they grew once   C.that once grew   D.once grew

[析] 以上两句考查定语从句的关系词及从句结构。句1）先行词是town，且从句中关系词作状语，故选B。句2）先行词是those，定语从句中缺主、谓，故选C。A、B两项中的they（人称代词）不能用作关系代词用在定语从句中。作主语的关系代词不能省，故不能选D。再看：

3）I still remember the days      we spent together in the countryside.

4）I still remember the days       we worked together in the countryside.

[析] 这两句同是定语从句，且先行词相同，都是 the days，但由于定语从句的结构不同，所需关系词也不同。句3）定语从句中谓语动词spent为vt.，需跟一个宾语，其后的together和in the countryside只能当状语，故该句需填that或which充当spent的宾语。句4）从句部分谓语动词 worked为vi，不需要也不能跟宾语，故只能填相应的关系副词 where。

5）      surprised me most was the news      our team won.

A.That；that   B.That；which    C.What；that   D.What；which

[析] 此句考查名词性从句，was前半部分为主语从句，从句中缺主语，故用what充当。因为名词性从句中的that不充当句子成分，news之后为同位语从句，从句结构完整，只用一引导词 that 引导即可。故选 C。

6）She was so angry at all     he was doing    she walked out without saying a word.

 A.that；that  B.which；that   C.what；as   D.that；which

[析] 本句是包含两个从句的双重复合

句。主体是 so…..that..引导的结果状语从句，第二空应填that与前面so呼应。第一空应填一个关系代词引导定语从句，因先行词是 all，故选 that。故选 A。

7）You'd better give the task to    you think can succeed in carrying it out ahead of time.

A.whomever   B.whoever   C.anyone   D.no matter who

[析] 此句考查名词性从句，该从句在介词to 后当宾语，叫宾语从句，从句中you think为插入语，因此整个从句无主语，应填上 whoever。anyone 虽能当主语，但不能当引导词。no matter who 引导的是状语从句。故选 B。

8）The boys tried to find a telescope   they could observe the stars more clearly.

A.that   B.through that   C.which   D.through which

[析] 本句又是考查定语从句，先行词明确指物，但不能简单用关系代词that或which。因为关系代词与从句中的谓语动词observe不存在主谓或动宾关系，而是有动状关系，这种状语叫方式状语，因此需在关系代词前加一方式介词 through，而能在前面加介词的关系代词只有which和whom，此处自然是through which。

二、句子成分在改错题中的应用

1）I look forward to hear from you soon.

[析]  look forward to 中的to为介词，不能接不定式，应接动名词hearing。

2）I’d like to your penfriend.

[析]  I’d like to 后面应接不定式 be 或 become

3）It was kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.

4）Modern people know more about health，have better food，and to live in cleaner surroundings.

5）He said it was best to stay until help arrived rather than go into the forest and getting lost.

[析]  3）、4）、5）三句中，and后面的动词应与前面并列用原形。

6）People /\ do not know each other often become friends after they have played together.

[析] 本句一主（people）两谓（do not know和become），且两个谓语又不是并列，而是相互独立，毫无关系。这种谓语动词“打架”的现象，在英语中是病句。如果没有句子成分知识和断句能力，这种毛病很难查出。其实，people之后应为一个定语从句，从句中需加一个主语来承担谓语 do not know，这样两个谓语各有其主，就不会“打架”了。应在 people后面加 who。

7）I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.

[析] 这是一个含非限制性定语从句的复合句，从句的关系词应是起主语作用的关系代词which。

8）And I can't forget the good food you cooked for I（me）.

9）I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully（wonderful）time together.

10）A player's native language is not importance（important）.

[析] 作宾语该用人称代词宾格（8小题），作定语一般用形容词，而不能用副词（9小题），表性质、特征的表语用形容词（10小题），这些都是常见的、最基本的句子成分知识。除此之外，英语句子的成分知识用途还很广，有时一些修饰性和加以说明的成分往往在阅读理解中干扰性很大，稍不仔细就会出错。然而与句子成分关系最大的还是书面表达。不少考生就是由于不知道句子成分及其排列顺序而导致句子不通、行文不连贯等，影响了应有知识的发挥。